Home Hemodialysis Competency is Lacking in American Nephrology Training Programs

By Peter Laird, MD

Home hemodialysis was at the forefront of bringing into account hemodialysis modality as an accepted medical procedure in the early 1960's. The financial constraints of chronic hemodialysis especially in-center were beyond the resources of most institutions shortly after Belding Scribner, MD revolutionized the treatment of chronic renal failure with the "Scribner" Shunt. By the time that the 1973 ESRD program provided financial relief for all eligible US patients with renal failure, nearly half of the patients treated at that time dialyzed in the comfort of the their own home. Sadly, far too many new nephrology graduates have forgotten these lessons from the history of dialysis.

In a recent CJASN publication written by Jeffrey Berns, MD, the editor of the Medscape nephrology news section, notes that 65% of recent nephrology graduates lacked competent training in managing home hemodialysis patients. Only 15% of these fellows surveyed felt competent to manage home hemodialysis pateints:

A Survey-Based Evaluation of Self-Perceived Competency after Nephrology Fellowship Training

Areas in which more than 25% of fellows during their second or later year of training answered “No” included cystic kidney diseases (50.1%), plasmapheresis (60.1%), renal US (51.8%), PD (36.5%), home HD (65.0%), arte- riovenous access management (34.4%), nephrolithiasis (34.7%), geriatrics (25.2%), and palliative care (37.4.%) (M. Rosner, personal communication). Thus, several of the areas cited by respondents to the survey reported here as not providing adequate training were similarly cited by fellows still in training, emphasizing the need to address these areas of training.

I had an  interesting encounter with an expert in transplant nephrology when I had an iron infusion at Kaiser Sunset in Los Angeles last year. While rounding  during the hemodialysis session, I asked him if he was familiar with Pauly's study on nocturnal hemodialysis outcomes vs. transplant finding comparable outcomes in mortality. (here) This nephrologist who had just completed a prestigious transplant nephrology training program at Cedar-Sinai and was able to advocate credibly for transplantation but he was not able to discern how daily nocturnal dialysis faired against his preferred renal replacement modality. If a transplant nephrologist from such a well respected institution cannot truly give informed consent on transplant vs nocturnal hemodialsyis even as a bridge to transplant, how then shall we expect the average training program to rise to a level of proficiency in home hemodialysis modalities?

The true repository of home hemodialysis knowledge is not found in the majority of nephrology programs in this nation but it instead resides within the collective patient advocacy sites and foreign nephrology programs much more so than the average nephrology program in the United States.  Dr. John Agar has long advocated for home hemodialysis utilization as a first choice for the majority of patients new to dialysis. Many patients in Australian nephrology practices dialyze in the comfort of their homes and have much better outcomes than those in conventional in-center treatment centers.

The fact that most American nephrologists are ignorant of the history of dialysis nor do they have a concerted interest in this modality does not bode well for the future of improving American dialysis outcomes.  The grave of Belding Scribner who freely gave of his invention to save lives haunts the halls of all of these nephrology programs that find it incredulous that the majority of patients dialyzed at home in the 1960's with primitive equipment by today's standards.

The truth remains that there is a major generational gap between the pioneers of dialysis and the current graduates who view dialysis as a futile and unworthy treatment option for the majority of patients when in fact if employed in a quotidian fashion with increased frequency and duration can and does offer a return of useful life.

Perhaps some day, Scribner's dream of an informed and enthusiastic acceptance of this "noble experiment" will come to pass in America despite the fact that one of the greatest medical technologies remains in the hands of a profession truly unworthy of how well they could but don't use this modern medical miracle. Perhaps someday, restoration of whole individuals will be commonplace instead of the unusal oddity when it comes to dialysis.  That day is one nephrology progam at a time away from acceptance even in the best institutions. Perhaps someday. We can only hope.

 

Comments

[alexi acevedo]

We can't call ourselves ( USA ) the number one country in the world and still provide dialysis treatments the same way we did over 30 years ago. If daily home hemo have been proven to be better for the patients, why can we provide the best available treatments "daily dialysis". I understand that there is a lot of politics, but we are talking about people lives. Im sure that if a politician had one of their love ones in dialysis they would seek the best treatment available for their love ones. And to the insurance companies. Stop looking at the care of people like a business. We are not running an assembly line. We are dealing with people's life.
AiA >G<